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The Legislative Branch is responsible for admitting new states into the Union. This authority comes from Article IV, Section 3 of the U.S. Constitution, which grants Congress the power to "admit new States into this Union." The process typically involves both the House of Representatives and the Senate, which must approve a proposed state constitution and grant statehood through legislation. This role emphasizes the importance of Congress in shaping the map of the United States and ensuring that new states meet the necessary requirements for admission.

The involvement of the other branches in this context is limited; the Judicial Branch interprets laws but does not have a direct role in the admission of states. The Executive Branch, while it may play a role in the administration of federal laws and policies, does not decide on the admission of new states; that task is firmly within Congress's purview. Local Government does not have any jurisdiction over the admission of states into the Union, as this is a function reserved for the federal level.